Legal Definitions - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is a law that regulates the disposal of waste, especially hazardous waste, with the goal of reducing waste and encouraging recycling. It uses a tracking system called "manifests" and a "cradle-to-grave" approach to ensure that hazardous waste is properly identified and tracked from its creation to its disposal.

• All hazardous waste must have an identification number and be accompanied by a "manifest" that tracks the waste. Each time the waste changes hands, a copy of the manifest is sent back to ensure that everyone along the chain is informed and that unidentified wastes do not arrive at disposal facilities.
• The EPA uses a 5-factor test to determine what is waste, including whether the material is typically discarded on an industry-wide basis, whether it replaces a raw material when it is recycled, and the relation of the recovery practice to the principal activity of the facility.
• Solid hazardous wastes are subject to greater regulation under Title C. To become subject to Title C, the solid waste must also be hazardous, either by exhibiting a hazardous characteristic or being specifically listed as hazardous.

These examples illustrate how RCRA regulates the disposal of waste, especially hazardous waste, and encourages recycling. The tracking system and 5-factor test help ensure that waste is properly identified and tracked, while the greater regulation of solid hazardous waste under Title C helps protect the environment and public health.