Legal Definitions - stranding

Definition: Stranding is a term used in maritime law to describe a ship that has drifted, driven, or run aground on a strand. The type of stranding that occurs determines how liability for any resulting losses is apportioned.

• Accidental stranding: This type of stranding happens due to natural forces like wind and waves. If a ship is damaged or needs repairs due to an accidental stranding, it is considered a particular average. For example, if a ship gets caught in a storm and runs aground, any damage to the ship or cargo would be considered a particular average.
• Voluntary stranding: This type of stranding occurs when a ship is intentionally run aground to avoid a more dangerous situation or for fraudulent purposes. If the ship is later recovered and able to continue its voyage, any losses incurred due to the voluntary stranding are considered a general average. For example, if a ship is being pursued by pirates and the captain decides to run the ship aground to avoid capture, any losses incurred would be considered a general average.

These examples illustrate how the type of stranding that occurs determines how liability for any resulting losses is apportioned. Accidental strandings are considered a particular average, while voluntary strandings are considered a general average.