Legal Definitions - suzerainty

Definition: Suzerainty refers to the power of a feudal overlord to whom fealty is due. In international law, it refers to the dominion of a nation that controls the foreign relations of another nation but allows it autonomy in its domestic affairs.

Example: In the past, a feudal lord had suzerainty over his vassals, who owed him loyalty and service. In modern times, the term has been used to describe the relationship between Great Britain and the South African Republic, as well as between Turkey and Bulgaria from 1878 to 1909.

These examples illustrate how suzerainty involves a hierarchical relationship between two entities, where one has greater power and authority over the other. In the case of a feudal lord and vassals, the lord had control over the vassals' land and resources, while the vassals owed him loyalty and military service. In the case of international law, a suzerain nation has control over the foreign relations of another nation, but allows it to govern itself domestically.