Legal Definitions - libel

Libel is a type of defamation that harms a person's reputation through written or printed communication, such as pictures, signs, or effigies. It can also damage a person's business or profession.

For example, if a newspaper publishes a false story about a politician stealing money, and the story causes people to hate and ridicule the politician, it could be considered libel.

Traditionally, libel was governed by state law, and damages could be awarded without proof of actual harm. However, the U.S. Supreme Court has limited a state's ability to award damages in libel cases, particularly those involving public officials or matters of public concern. In these cases, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant acted with "actual malice," meaning they knew the statement was false or acted with reckless disregard for the truth.

For private individuals and matters of purely private concern, presumed and punitive damages may be awarded on a lesser showing than actual malice. However, the defamatory statements must not involve issues of public concern.

Overall, libel is a serious offense that can harm a person's reputation and livelihood. It is important to be truthful and responsible when communicating about others.