Legal Definitions - noxal surrender

Definition: Noxal surrender is a term used in Roman law to describe the obligation of a father or owner to pay for damages caused by their son, slave, or animal. If they did not pay, they had to surrender the offending person or animal to the injured party. Noxal surrender is also known as noxal liability. The term "noxal" comes from the Latin word for "injury."

Examples:

• If a slave owned by a person caused damage to someone else's property, the owner would be responsible for paying for the damages or surrendering the slave to the injured party.
• If a person's son caused harm to someone else, the father would be responsible for paying for the damages or surrendering the son to the injured party.
• If a person's animal caused harm to someone else, the owner would be responsible for paying for the damages or surrendering the animal to the injured party.

These examples illustrate the concept of noxal surrender, where the person responsible for the offending party must either pay for the damages or surrender the offending party to the injured party. This was a way to ensure that those who caused harm were held accountable for their actions.