Legal Definitions - rational basis

Definition: Rational basis is a test used to determine if a law is constitutional. The test asks whether the law has a reasonable connection to achieving a legitimate and constitutional objective.

Example: Let's say a state passes a law that requires all dogs to be licensed. The state's objective is to ensure that all dogs are vaccinated against rabies and that their owners are responsible for their pets. The rational basis test would ask whether this law is reasonable and has a legitimate purpose. In this case, the law is likely constitutional because it has a reasonable connection to the state's objective of protecting public health and safety.

Another example: A city passes a law that requires all businesses to obtain a license before operating. The city's objective is to ensure that businesses are operating legally and paying taxes. The rational basis test would ask whether this law is reasonable and has a legitimate purpose. In this case, the law is likely constitutional because it has a reasonable connection to the city's objective of regulating businesses and collecting taxes.

The rational basis test is often used in cases where the law does not involve a fundamental right or a suspect classification, such as race or gender. It is a relatively easy test for the government to pass, as long as there is some rational connection between the law and a legitimate government objective.