Legal Definitions - right of search

The right of search is a term used in international law that refers to the right of a belligerent state to stop and examine vessels on the high seas to determine whether they or the goods they carry are liable to capture. This right also includes the right to board and search merchant vessels of neutral states on the high seas if there are suspicious circumstances, such as suspected involvement in piracy.

• A naval officer from a belligerent state stops and searches a neutral merchant vessel on the high seas to determine whether it is carrying contraband goods that could be used to aid the enemy.
• A naval officer boards a merchant vessel suspected of involvement in piracy to search for evidence of illegal activity.

These examples illustrate how the right of search allows belligerent states to take action to protect their interests during times of war or conflict. However, this right must be exercised reasonably and with respect for the rights of neutral states and their vessels.